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| Golden currant (Ribes aureum): one of our tastier native berries |
A
number of native berry fruits come ripe in summer. Many have singular flavors that truly
represent the ‘taste of California’; their flavors work well in many types of
recipes. Included are the native strawberries
(Fragaria species), currants and
gooseberries (Ribes species), roses (rose
hips – Rosa species),
blueberries/huckleberries (Vaccinia
species), Blackberries/raspberries/thimbleberries (Rubus species), wild grapes (Vitis
species) and of course the Blue elderberry.
We’ve
already discussed the picking, preparing and saving of elderberries: http://mother-natures-backyard.blogspot.com/2012/08/picking-cleaning-and-processing.html.
But the others are coming in quickly, so
we decided to share our experiences picking, preparing and storing some of the
rest. Here are some tips for saving the
flavors of native berries and berry-like fruits. We’ll provide recipes using these fruits in
future posts.
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| Picking Blue elderberries |
Picking the Fruits
First, some
general rules.
·
If
possible, pick fruits that have not been
sprayed with pesticides. Many native
plant gardeners never use pesticides, so this may not be a problem. If you have
used pesticides on fruits, be sure to follow the instructions on the pesticide
package regarding safe use.
·
Pick
only ripe, unblemished fruits. Know what color fruits are when they a ripe
(watch the birds; they will show you when a fruit is ripe),
·
If
possible, pick in the morning (before
10 a.m.) when flavors are often the most intense.
Currants, gooseberries,
bramble berries, blueberries
These
fruits are mostly dark colored and slightly soft when ripe. Most detach easily
from the branches. Simply pull them off
and drop into a bowl or small picking bucket.
If the bushes have thorns/prickles:
wear long, leather rose-pruning gloves (well worth the investment).
Rose hips, strawberries
These
are dark red or red-orange and slightly soft then ripe. You can taste or smell the sweetness. We cut off individual fruits with a kitchen
scissors or light-weight pruner.
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| We cut off entire clusters of elderberries & grapes |
Elderberries, wild
grapes
These are either blue (Elderberries)
or dark purple (grapes) and slightly soft when ripe. We cut off entire clusters of fruits, put in
a plastic bag, then complete the processing in the kitchen.
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| Washing native fruits using a colander |
Preparing and Cleaning the Fruits
A few general
rules:
·
Remove any twigs, leaves, etc.
·
Rinse the fruits in cool, running
water. We like to use a big, old-fashioned colander (see
above). Save the rinse water and use it
to water plants in the garden (it’s perfectly safe).
·
Let the fruits drain/dry in the colander; or gently pat them
dry with a paper towel
Strawberries
Remove stems
and leaves from strawberries with a knife or strawberry huller.
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| We wash entire clusters of grapes before removing the stems |
Elderberries, wild
grapes
For
elderberries, follow the tips in our elderberry posting: http://mother-natures-backyard.blogspot.com/2012/08/picking-cleaning-and-processing.html.
Wild
grapes are small, soft and harder to remove from the stems. If you place the
unwashed fruits in the refrigerator overnight (or even for several days), the
fruits will come off easier. We suspect
that the cold triggers a chemical reaction that loosens the bond between stem
and fruit.
We’ve
also found it easiest to rinse entire clumps of grapes first, before removing
fruits from the stem. Detach the fruits
over a bowl or large pot; that way you’ll collect all the juice and smashed
grapes as well as the whole ones. And
you will crush some! Don’t worry; you’ll
likely be making juice from them, anyway.
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| Most native fruits freeze well |
Freezing Fruits
If
you’ve room in your freezer, freezing fruits is a good way to preserve them for
later use. It’s also a good way to deal
with fruits that have a prolonged ripening season (like Bramble fruits, which
may have individual fruits ripening over a month or more). Pick ripe fruits each day, then freeze them
until you have enough to make jam, jelly or other product.
Just
be sure that fruits are fairly dry, place them in freezer-weight plastic bags
or other freezer-safe containers, label with product and date, and freeze. We like to double bag our fruits – helps preserve
the flavor and prevent freezer burn.
When
you’re ready to use the fruits, thaw and use.
Some fruits (Elderberries, Ribes species, blueberries and
brambleberries) will freeze whole.
Others will be a bit mushy when thawed.
But all will be fine to use in most baked goods, jams, jellies, beverages,
desserts, etc.
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| Dried fruits keep well, take little space and don't require refrigeration |
Drying Fruits
Elderberries,
currants, gooseberries, brambleberries, blueberries/huckleberries, rosehips and
wild strawberries can all be preserved by drying them whole. This is a convenient way to store fruits for
future use; the flavors last for up to a year.
The dried fruits can be used for tea, ground dry (with spice grinder or
mortar & pestle) for use in baked goods and desserts, or re-constitute them
for use in many dishes.
If
grinding dried fruits for use in beverages or baked goods, we suggest (based on
experience) that you strain out any large, hard seeds before adding the mixture
to your recipe. Use a mesh kitchen
strainer; the small, good stuff will go through, leaving the seeds in the
strainer (discard the seeds).
We
have given detailed instructions for drying fruits in our Elderberry
posting. We use these drying methods for
all the fruits discussed above. If your strawberries or rosehips are large,
you may want to cut them in half before drying.
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| Straining is the last step in making kitchen extracts from native fruits & berries |
Making Kitchen Extracts
A
good way to capture the flavors of summer fruits is by creating kitchen
extracts. We discussed kitchen extracts,
in more detail, in a past posting: http://mother-natures-backyard.blogspot.com/2016/04/california-gourmet-making-flavored.html.
Alcohol extracts can be used just like purchased extracts (vanilla extract, etc.). Kitchen extracts allow you to create berry-flavored
dishes all year long.
Creating
kitchen extracts is simplicity itself.
Place cleaned, crushed fruits into a clean glass container with a lid
(we use canning jars with plastic lids, but any glass jar with a lid will
do). Cover the fruit with vodka, making
sure that all parts of fruit are covered (cheap vodka work just fine). Cover and place jar in a cool dark place
(like a cupboard or pantry). If your lid
is metal, place a double layer of plastic wrap over the opening before you
screw on the lid. Be sure to label the
jar with the fruit type and date.
Swirl
the fruits every other day. After one
week, strain out the fruits. If you
want a stronger extract, add more prepared fruits and proceed as above. When you’ve completed the last extraction,
strain out the fruits, then filter the extract though a coffee filter (our favorite)
or several layers of cheese-cloth. Bottle the extract in a clean (washed just
before bottling with hot water) glass bottle, cap and label with product and
date. Store with your other extracts in
a cupboard or pantry.
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| You can make delicious freezer jams or traditional jams using California native fruits and berries |
Making Jams from Fresh or Frozen
Fruits
Native
currants, gooseberries, brambleberries, blueberries/huckleberries and wild
strawberries can all be used to make delicious jams. Just follow a standard recipe for the type of
fruit you’re using. Be sure to follow
the directions carefully, particularly if canning the product. Good instructions/recipes are available with
the canning jars, with most canning pectin products, and on-line.
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| Making juice from 'Roger's Red' grapes |
Making Juice from Fresh Fruits
All
of the berries and berry-like fruits can be used to make juice. The juice can then be drunk fresh, frozen for
later use or used in cooking or making jelly or syrup. Fortunately, making juice is really easy once
the fruits have been cleaned.
Place
clean fruits in a heavy saucepan (non-aluminum is best). Crush the fruits with
the bottom of a glass or metal measuring cup (don’t worry about crushing them
all). Add water to about ½ inch over the level of the fruits. Heat the fruits on the stove over medium heat
until the water begins to simmer. Turn
down the heat and simmer for 20-30 minutes, until the fruits have released most
of their color and flavor into the water.
 |
| Jelly bag (jelly/juice strainer) with frame |
Remove
from heat, let cool, then strain out the skins, seeds, etc. using a jelly bag
(see above), mesh strainer or several layers of cheese-cloth lining a
colander. Recycle the skins/seeds in the
compost pile or as mulch in your garden.
Don’t worry about the seeds sprouting – they don’t survive the heat!
Use
or store in the refrigerator (use within 3-5 days). We prefer glass beverage containers with
lids for storage. You can also freeze
the juice in freezer-proof containers for later use.
If
using the juice as a beverage, you may want to add a sweetener of choice. Taste and see – you may like it just as is.
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| Equipment we use for making jelly |
Making Jelly from Berry Juice
Use
your favorite recipe for the appropriate type of berry. Good recipes for grape, elderberry, rose-hip,
bramble-berry and other jellies are available in the pectin box or
on-line. The native fruits make
fantastic, unique jellies that are great as gifts. You may even want to combine several type of
juice – or add some favorite spices like cinnamon or ginger to your jelly. Follow the canning recipes to the letter; you
don’t want your canned jelly to spoil.
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| Canned syrups from native fruits last several years at room temperature |
Making Syrup from Berry Juice
Native
fruit syrups are a wonderful way to preserve the tastes of summer. They can be used in so many ways. And you can even can them, if so desired, so
they won’t need refrigeration. We find
we use the flavored syrups all the time!
We
discussed making syrups in a previous posting, and refer you there: http://mother-natures-backyard.blogspot.com/2015/01/california-gourmet-flavored-syrups.html
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| Enjoy your preserved native fruits & berries! They'll bring back summer, all year long |
____________________________________________________
We encourage you to
send us your questions, comments and recipes (either comment below or e-mail to
us at : mothernaturesbackyard10@gmail.com
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