Fall Physical Activity

The cooler temperatures of fall make it a wonderful time to get your family outside and enjoying nature. Taking your family out for a walk to look at the yellows, bright reds, and orange colors of the fall leaves turning a swirl of colors! Have your family participate in Walk Maryland Day on October 2nd.


As the leaves begin to fall, stop by your local library to checkout a bird book, and take your family for a hike to see what birds you can find, without the leaves that would hide birds in trees during the summer. Not only are falling leaves fun to crunch under your feet on a walk or hike, but raking and jumping in a pile of leaves can be a ton of fun!


Use Maryland’s Best to find a farm close to you, where you and your family can pick your own apples or pumpkins! Some farms may even have a corn maze for your family to test their skills to find their way out of the maze!


Fall is also the time to get excited about the start of football, basketball, hockey, and baseball and soccer playoffs. Head outside and play like your favorite professional athlete. In place of ice hockey, play street hockey with a broom and a small ball.


Fall is a wonderful time to go outside with the cooler temperatures. Remember to wear sunscreen and stay hydrated with water. Visit the park and farm website to make sure you follow their rules for safety. Choose your own family-fall adventure!

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Bristlebirds, Turmeric and Water Gums

What's On The Show Today
Marianne is talking with ornitholgist Dr Holly Parsons about an indigenous ground dwelling bird in Wildlife in Focus, growing turmeric , a root veg that is too easy, in Vegetable Heroes, Tristaniopsis laurina or water gum is a native tree with many things to love in Plant of the Week plus what to do about indoor plant pests in Design Elements.

WILDLIFE IN FOCUS

Rufous BristleBird

Did you know that Australia has ground dwelling birds other than emus, brush turkeys, and Cassowary?
Out of all those birds I just mentioned, gardeners might prefer the Rufous Bristlebird digging around in their garden.

Rufous Birstlebird

Do you know why it's called a bristlebird?
Let’s find out.

The Rufous Bristlebird (Dasyorni Broadbenti) is only found in Australia and mainly along coastal areas in south-western Victoria.
Bristlebirds are generally shy birds that skulk in dense vegetation during the day. They prefer to run away to avoid danger, but are capable of flying short distances. Bit like the brush turkey.
Usually they hang around in pairs 

The common name of the family is derived from the presence of prominent rictal bristles - three stiff, hair-like feathers curving downwards on either side of the gape.

As with fantails and flycatchers, their bristles assist in catching insects.
Bristlebirds have previously been seen in south-western Western Australia and south-eastern South Australia, but unfortunately frequent burning has led to their extinction in W.A.
Have you seen a Rufous Bristlebird?
If you have any questions for me or for Holly, why not write in to Realworldgardener@gmail.com or write in to 2rrr, PO Box 644 Gladesville NSW 1675.

VEGETABLE HEROES

Turmeric or Curcuma longa.

Turmeric is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae. And it’s surprisingly easy to grow.

It‘s native to southwest India and has been grown in cultivation since 500 BCE where it’s an important part of AY-YURR-VEDDIC (Ayurvedic )medicine?

Ayurveda translates to “science of life.”

In India, inhaling fumes from burning turmeric is supposed to alleviate congestion, also turmeric juice was used to help with healing of wounds and bruises, and turmeric paste was applied to all sorts of skin conditions – from smallpox and chicken pox to blemishes and shingles.

• Did you know that in Hindu religion there’s a wedding day tradition in which a string, dyed yellow with turmeric paste, is tied around the bride’s neck by her groom?
• This necklace, indicates that the woman is married and capable of running a household.
• You may have seen Buddhist monks with their saffron or yellowy coloured robes. This is where the natural colouring properties of Turmeric comes in.
• Not only is it used to colour Buddhist robes, but has been used to dye clothing and thread for centuries.

Turmeric plant

What does it look like?

Turmeric grows to about 1 metre in height, with alternating lime green leaves about a metre long; in other words quite big as you’d expect in a rainforest setting.

The flowers are pure white and extend upwards on floral spikes, up to 20cm long. Suitable for picking too.

The rhizomes have tough brown skin and deep orange flesh inners.

To get hold of some Turmeric rhizomes you need to go to an organic fruit and veg market where you can buy fresh turmeric roots throughout summer, and you may be able to use those to sprout a plant.

Otherwise, you’ll have to find a local nursery or online store that carries them.

Note: Sometimes it’s sold as hidden Ginger online but we aware that there are different kinds of hidden ginger, but only the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, Curcuma zedoaria and Curcuma aromatica should be grown as spices.

How To Sprout Turmeric Tubers

Turmeric tubers

• To get your rhizome to sprout just place it in a paper bag in a warmish spot in the kitchen, say by a window and you should see sprouts in a few days. Once you have a fresh rhizome or root, all you need to do is plant it. 
• A large root will have several fingers to it.You can cut these apart and start more than one plant if you like.
• Another way to get it to sprout is to just bury the rhizome 5 cm deep into loose potting mix.
• If there are any knobs or buds on the root, turn it so they are facing upwards.

Now Keep It Growing

Keep it damp but not sopping wet or the root may rot.

In a month or so, you should see sprouts come up.

If you are going to grow turmeric outside, you can transplant it out in late autumn.

For indoor plants, you can do this anytime.

Turmeric is a rhizome so like Jerusalem Artichokes, and Ginger, you plant them in the soil when the rhizomes are dormant

Most books will tell you to plant your rhizome in Spring, but the first lot that I bought withered and shrivelled and it wasn’t until late December that I purchased another lot.

This time the rhizomes were fresher looking and sprouted in a couple of days using the paper bag method.

Sprouted turmeric does OK in  a pot

These were then potted up and placed in a shady spot where all the young plants get put in my garden.

The plant had reached about 30 cm in height by the end of January.

Why grow Turmeric?

Even if you don’t ever make your own curry paste or even cook with Turmeric, the Turmeric plant is very lush and tropical looking.

The whole plant is edible; the roots are boiled, dried and ground up to produce turmeric powder, the leaves make a wrap for steamed fish, and even the flowers can be eaten as a vegetable, like lettuce.

For those that use Turmeric in cooking, did you know that if you make your own Turmeric powder from the rhizomes, it won’t be as bright as the processed store bought version?

Because the root can harbour mould and foodborne pathogens, turmeric is typically irradiated to kill pathogenic bacteria.

Irradiation also creates a brighter powder, but if you don’t want irradiated Turmeric, either buy organic powder or grow your own.

Where to grow it.

Turmeric plant

Unless you live in a tropical, sub-tropical or temperate zone  in Australia, the majority of people who are going to grow turmeric will have to do it indoors, and it does grow fine in pots.

In temperate regions your Turmeric will die down over winter and return the following year, and  in cold temperate zones unless your ground freezes over it may just pop up again in Spring.

Choose a pot that’s at least 30cm across and the same in depth to give your plants room to grow.

Water your potted turmeric regularly to keep the soil damp, and weekly feedings with mild or diluted fertilizer won’t go astray either.

If you’re growing it in the ground, only put it in full sun if the ground is constantly wet, otherwise shade in the middle of the day is best.

Turmeric will cope with drought and even boggy soils, probably because where it naturally grows, the average rainfall is between 1000 and 2000mm a year

If the plant is stressed by drought or too much sun, the leaves will hang

When to dig it up?

• You’ll have to wait at least 8 -10 months before you can dig it up.
• When the leaves turn yellow and start to dry out that’s when your turmeric is ready to dig up.
• You’ll have to dig up the whole plant and cut the rhizome away from the stem.You might be lucky and manage to dig up only a small part because storing it in the ground will keep it fresh the longest.If you’re growing it in a pot, it’s pretty simple to turn the rhizome out, take what you want, and then put it all back.

So how else can you use Turmeric?

To store your Turmeric just keep the unpeeled roots in an air-tight container in a cool dark place and the rhizomes should last for up to 6 months.

To use fresh Turmeric in cooking, just slice them thinly or mince instead of using powder.

If you are used to cooking with dry and ground turmeric from the store, take care when using fresh. It’s much stronger in taste and you will only need a small amount to really add its peppery zest to a meal.

Turmeric Flower is edible

WHY ARE THEY GOOD FOR YOU?

You don’t have to make the powder but instead use it as you would fresh ginger.

How about a fruit and veg Turmeric smoothie, or Turmeric pickle?

For sore throats, add 1 teaspoon of Turmeric to your favourite milk, and heat. Add some honey to sweeten.

Drink this before retiring for bed.

It's also an excellent source of fibre, vitamin B6, potassium, and healthy amounts of vitamin C and magnesium.

But you don’t need to eat that much.

Even a small dose has health benefits.

AND THAT WAS YOUR VEGETABLE HERO FOR TODAY

PLANT OF THE WEEK

Tristaniopsis laurina: Water Gum
This week we have a native plant that has Tristaniopsis laurina or Water gum is like the native version of Crepe myrtles, with interesting bark, leaves and flowers.
It’s in the Myrtaceae family but it’s not a gum tree.

Water gum in flower: I'ts not a gum tree.

Let’s find out what’s good about this one.
I'm speaking with Adrian O’Malley, horticulturist and native plant expert.

But are the flowers perfumed? Adrian thought not but apparently they do have a perfume.
There’s an updated version called Tristaniopsis laurina ‘Luscious.”that grows up to 8m in height.
Leaves are dark green, shiny and large with a dense canopy.
New growth starts out a distinctive copper colour and further interest appears over time with the branches developing deep purple coloured bark which peels back to reveal a smooth, cream trunk.
Flowers are yellow and sweetly perfumed, appearing in clusters through summer.

If you have any questions for me or for Adrian or would like some seeds of this tree, please write in to realworldgardener@gmail.com

DESIGN ELEMENTS

Indoor Plant Pests Under Control

Over the past few weeks, we’ve talked about what plants you can grow indoors wherever you live in Australia.

Quite a few in fact can cope with all weather conditions for the far north of Australia to Tasmania.
Despite all your loving attention though, some plants can be susceptible to pest attack, or just like plain unhealthy, making you think you did something wrong.
Not necessarily true, so let’s find out about looking after indoor plants
That was Julia Levitt Director of www.sticksandstonesld.com.au
PLAY: Indoor plants-pests_2nd August 2017
Even the best plant owner will come across pests.
The trick is to keep an eye on your plants and act quickly as soon as you see something wrong with your indoor plant.
Why are we having plants indoors again?
Apart from plants reducing carbon dioxide levels in your home, did you know that people with plants in their homes have less stress, and plants have been known to contribute to lower blood pressure?
If you have any questions about indoor plant pests why not email us realworldgardener@gmail.com

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Healthy Rewards for Good Behavior

When it comes to teaching kids how to behave, parents and teachers recognize that rewarding good behavior can be more effective than punishing bad behavior. However, sometimes the way we reward children (and ourselves!) can promote unhealthy behaviors. A piece of candy for a good behavior chart, a pizza party for perfect attendance, or an ice cream social for a week of positive behavior—these all seem like fun, harmless “treats”, but they send a confusing message: if candy and other unhealthy foods are presented as the foods we work for, then healthy foods aren’t valued the same way…or can seem like a punishment. These rewards can also add up to lots of extra sugar for your child, which can lead to…bad behavior!

Parents can talk to their child’s teacher or the school administrator about rules around how kids are rewarded. Teachers might be delighted to know they have the support of parents in making changes. Share these ideas for rewarding good behavior:

• Individual rewards: line leader, teacher’s helper, certificate or handwritten note, treasure box of non-food prizes (pencils, erasers, stickers, etc)


• Class-wide rewards: extra recess, a dance party, a fruit salad party

Keep the message consistent by not using unhealthy foods as rewards in your home. Reward your child’s good behavior with a trip to the playground, stickers, or just special time with you. And next time you reach for a candy bar to reward yourself for an accomplishment, think about how much better you’ll feel if you take a walk, enjoy some time with a good book, or just a few deep breaths.

For more information and ideas for healthy rewards, visit the FSNE Toolkit.

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Salt, Yams and Silver Shield plants

We’re talking about salt in the Spice it Up segment, growing Oca, a root veg, in Vegetable Heroes, Plectranthus argentatus or Silver Spur flower, whichis a native ground cover that bees love in Plant of the Week plus what does Nicole Miranda and friends from Henley Green Community garden get up to at this time of year?

SPICE IT UP

Salt

Is salt a spice a seasoning or something else?
Is there more than one type of salt?
Why should we use it rather than leave it out?
Did you know that culinary salts come in two basic categories - sea salt and mined salt?

All this and more about salt. I'm talking with Ian Hemphill from www.herbies.com.au
Let’s find outSalt is actually a mineral, not a spice which means it doesn’t lose its flavour over time like spices and herbs do.

Salt is used as a seasoning, and is just NaCl or sodium chloride.
Most dishes that would be spiced will contain salt.

There are many types of salts on the market but they fall into two categories.

1) salts with impurities, that give a different flavour.

2) salts with different textures.
An example the first is Murray River pink salt. The colour is pink because of the minerals that the aquifer has flown through.

Rock salt is mined salt.

Murray River Pink Salt

• Indian Black salt is also mined salt. Initially  the big chunks that are mined are deep purple to almost black in colour. However, when it is crushed, it becomes a pale pink in colour. Exudes a pungent odour.
• this salt is a key ingredient in  'chat masala' which also contains cumin, coriander seed and asefetida. 
• if requestingd the salted version of the drink lassi , it will contain chat masala.

All salt originates in sea water, but sea salt is evaporated from liquid ocean water, while mined salt is taken from ancient deposits left by long-dry seas.
Ian's Secret Tip: salt is cheap and heavy and added to some spice blends to make them cheaper so watch out and just buy the best.
If you have any questions either for me or for Ian, you can email us Realworldgardener@gmail.com or write in to 2rrr, PO Box 644 Gladesville NSW 1675.

VEGETABLE HEROES

Oca,   New Zealand Yams Scientifically Oxalis tuberosa.

They were originally grown in the high Andes and are still a very popular variety of vegetable in South America.

It’s no surprise then that they were a staple food of various ancient cultures throughout the continent.

Oca tubers were brought to Europe in 1830 as an alternative to potato.

Potatoes were considered more versatile so that oca tuber never really caught on in any great scale.

30 years later they were also introduced to New Zealand, where there was a very different reaction.

They were adopted as a firm favourite and are still hugely popular today (and known simply as ‘yams’).

NZ Yams or Oca

• Unlike potatoes, oca tubers can be eaten both raw and cooked.Well that’s not strictly true, I remember as schoolkids, we occasionally would bite into raw potato, but it wasn’t that nice.

So why should we grow Oca?

• When they’re raw, they have a fresh lemony flavour with a crisp, crunchy texture not unlike the crispness of a carrot.
• The skin is edible too and can be left on when raw. Slice them up into a salad to add some fresh zest.
• When they’re cooked, the lemony flavour disappears and the tubers have a nuttier taste.You can cook them in much the same way as a potato — boiled, baked, fried, grilled or added to a soup or winter stew.

What Does The Plant Look Like?

A compact, attractive, bushy perennial plant with clover-like leaves to 20 - 30 cm high.

Oca tubers look like stubby, wrinkled carrots.

Oxalis tuberosa

WHEN TO GROW IT

Oca is suit to temperate and cool temperate climates for spring planting.

Cool temperate districts can plant it as late as mid-summer but spring is recommended.

Oca is resistant to low temperatures grows best in moderately cool climates but freezing will kill the foliage.

If the tubers are already established it will re-sprout.

This one is not suitable to plant in subtropical or tropical climates over summer.

Winter temperatures in frost-free areas of Queensland are ideal to grow oca. The summer is simply too hot, humid and wet.

How To Grow Oca

• Temperatures above 28°C cause the plant to wilt.
• Grow the oca tubers in much the same way as you would grow potatoes.
• Tubers start forming 4 months after planting and production peaks at 6 months.
• Oca tolerates a wide range of soil types and pH.
• The oca plant will begin to form tubers as the days shorten and the temperature drops — in other words, in the autumn.
• The tubers will grow in size throughout the autumn, so the longer the tubers are left in the soil, the better.
• Typically, the best time to harvest the tubers is after the frost has destroyed all of the above-ground foliage or it naturally dies off.
• Keep several for planting next season, by storing them in sand or sawdust.

Like the potato, the oca tuber can be stored for several months, so you’ll have them for an extended period after harvest.

Why Is It Good For You?

Each variety differs in its nutritional content, but generally they’re a great source of carbohydrates, vitamin C, iron and potassium, as well as being a source of protein.

PLANT OF THE WEEK

Plectranthus argentatus: Silver Shield

This week we have a native plant that has velvety leaves, sage green foliage and blue flowers.

It’s in the mint family, so it’s got square stems.

I’m not sure why some people think that only exotics come from the mint family.

Australia has quite a few members that fit into this category.

Let’s find out what’s good about this one.I'm speaking with new contributor, Adrian O’Malley, horticulturist and native plant expert.

• “Plectranthus” is a combination of 2 Greek words that mean “spur” (plectron) and “flower” (anthos).
• Argentatus is Latin for silver.

Plectranthus argentatus or Silver Shield prefers partial shade but will grow in full sun as long as the soil’s not too poor.

Can also grow in full shade and tolerate light frosts, that’s down to -2 C.

Excellent in dry shade.
The best spot for it though is in well drained soil near trees, also a great plant for containers.
If you have any questions for me or for Adrian or would like some seeds of the Snow Wood tree, please write in to realworldgardener@gmail.com

Henley  Green Community Garden Update

There are many reasons to join a community garden: learn a new skill, teach your kids where food comes from, save money, help the environment, have a reason to get outside regularly and share with others.

Chickens at Henley Green Community garden

These reasons — and many more keep the people who grow food at a community garden.
Let’s catch up with what’s happening in the local community garden at Henley.
I'm speaking with Nicole Miranda from the Happy Hens Community garden in Henley.

If you are interested in joining the community garden at Henley you need to first register your interest by filling in a form from their website www.happyhens.org.au
If you have any questions for me or for Nicole, please write in to realworldgardener@gmail.com

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Simple Weeknight Dinners

It’s that time of the year again when we say goodbye to summer and fall back into our daily school and work routines. Below you will find some family friendly dinners that are easy, quick and yummy options for a busy weeknight!

• Chili: As the weather is starting to cool down, why not warm up with a bowl of chili? A lot of the ingredients, like beans and canned tomatoes, can be found in your pantry and you can use leftovers, like cheese, as toppings.  Making chili can be as easy as putting all the ingredients in one pot or in a slow cooker if you have one. Try this for a vegetarian option: Black Bean and Sweet Potato Chili.


• Casserole: This one-dish dinner can be prepared ahead of time and put in the oven when you’re ready to eat! Casseroles also make great leftovers, which means you can have a quick, easy lunch the next day. You can make your own casserole by adding  your choice of whole grain(like whole wheat pasta or uncooked brown rice), protein like chicken or beef, vegetables like peas or broccoli and sauce like a can of diced tomatoes and top it with cheese or bread crumbs. Try this: Chicken and Kale Casserole.


• Sheet pan: Using whatever baking dish you have, mix all the ingredients on the pan and put it in the oven. Dinner will be ready in no time and you won't have a lot of clean up to do. Choose a variety of vegetables, and  protein. Try this: Baked Fish with Tomatoes, Greens, and Mushrooms


• Stir Fry: First, slice your favorite veggies and proteins (lean beef, chicken, turkey, beans, or tofu). Then sauté them with a little bit of oil and add a sauce like soy sauce for flavor. After they are cooked, add it to a bowl of rice or noodles and serve.  Try this: Stir-Fried Vegetables with Beef, Chicken, or Tofu.


• Salad: If you are serving a refreshing salad as your main dish, make sure you add protein like tuna, chicken or beans to your veggies and toss them with a dressing you like. Some salads also work as a sandwich filling! Try this: Tuna Salad


• Soup: This comforting dish is easy to make and it freezes well. You can use fresh, canned, frozen or dry ingredients to make your soup. Choose your liquid base like water or chicken or vegetable stock and add to it your choice of veggies and let them cook. You can also add a meat as well. Try this: Taco Soup

No matter what you end up preparing make sure to involve kids, for example by asking them to set the table or rinse canned vegetables or beans.  Also make sure to enjoy dinner together as a family at least a couple of times a week!

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Mulch, Coriander and Snow Wood Trees

We’re talking mulches, why and what in the Plant Doctor segment, growing those leafy herbs that go great in Asian stirfries, in Vegetable Heroes, a native tree that has the flower and the fruits to impress in Plant of the Week and Indoor plants for cooler climates in Design Elements.

PLANT DOCTOR

Mulches,Mulches, Mulches

Here we are again, talking about mulches when you probably want to hear about something more interesting right? There’s a reason why gardeners keep talking about mulches, and that is, it’s an important part of gardening whether we like it r not.

And, there’s a right way and a wrong way to spread the mulch.
I'm talking with Steve Falcioni from www.ecoorganicgarden.com.au.
Let’s find out

Mulches are important, especially in areas that are drought affected or are experiencing water restrictions.

The mulch locks in soil moisture and keeps soil cool in warm weather.

Applying mulch can be a bit of a chore, but it's worth it in the long run.

The reverse is true in cold weather, where the mulch acts a sort of blanket and helps retain heat in the soil layer.

Mulch also acts as a barrier to weed seeds and helps with wind erosion.

Over the years the advice as to how much mulch to apply has changed.
Fine mulch shouldn’t be more than 1cm thick, but chunky mulches, can be around 5cm thick.
Remember of course, that organic mulches bring microbial life to your soil, whereas the inorganic, mostly chunky mulches are just a layer of protection.
TIP: Leave some space around the trunk of trees, as it may encourage fungal growth or collar rot if right up against the main trunk.
If you have any questions either for me or for Steve, you can email us Realworldgardener@gmail.com or write in to 2rrr, PO Box 644 Gladesville NSW 1675.

VEGETABLE HEROES

Coriander:Coriandrum sativum  

You may have come across the term Cilantro in recipes and wonder what kind of herb that was.

Believe it or not, the names of Coriander and Cilantro are interchangeable to a degree.

Well it’s just a bit of a technical difference to confuse us poor gardeners.

• Cilantro refers to the leaves of the plant and coriander refers to the seeds.
• In Australia we call the leaves and the seeds coriander and some people even call it Chinese parsley.
• So coriander leaf is nothing else but cilantro.

Love or Hate Coriander?

Coriander leaves

People either hate it or love Coriander because it does have a pungent citrus flavour to the leaves.

There’s even those that say it tastes like dead ants.

Would they have eaten dead ants? I think not.

Would you believe that the name coriander is derived from the Greek word koris, meaning bedbug, since the unripe seeds and leaves when crushed supposedly have a smell suggestive of a crushed bedbug?

Family

If you’ve ever let your Coriander go to flower, you may have noticed that it looks similar to the flowers on carrots.

That’s because coriander belongs in the Apiaceae or carrot family, along with Parsley, dill and of course carrots.

On the other hand, Coriander has been grown for over 3,000 years.

Did you know that about half a litre of coriander seeds were found in the tomb of Tutankhamen?

Because this plant doesn’t grow wild in Egypt, this suggests that coriander was grown in the gardens of ancient Egyptians.

The Chinese once believed it gave you immortality and in the Middle ages it was used as part of a love potions.

• Coriander is an annual herb because it flowers, sets seed then dies in under a year.

So why should we grow Coriander?

Heaps of Coriander seeds are used in curries, tagines and many other Asian dishes.

In fact the whole herb, including the roots can be ground up to make Green Curry paste.

I just mash it up in a food processor when I make that paste. 

Now here’s a big tip:

Coriander seedlings

• Always grow coriander from seed, sown in the exact spot you want it to grow as it absolutely HATES being transplanted.
• Transplanting coriander stresses it so that it goes straight to seed and then it dies. And you never get any leaves at all!
• Coriander gets a has a big taproot as it grows so growing it in a pot won’t work either, it’ll go straight to seed as well.,

TO GROW IT FROM SEED..

For sub-tropical and arid zones, you have August to September;

And in temperate districts, sow the seeds from September until the end of November,

In cool temperate zones, October to November,

• Sow your seeds about 1 cm deep, cover them and keep them moist.
• Coriander takes a couple of weeks to germinate, so go do it after my program.
• Coriander grow fairly big, about 50 cm or 2 feet tall. 
• You want about 5 cm between the plants if you grow it for the leaves.

Big Tip: Grasshoppers don’t like coriander, so plant it around the spinach to stop the grasshoppers eating holes in the leaves.

Coriander flowers attract beneficial insects

Leave a few plants to go to seed, yes, on purpose so you have a continuous supply.

When your plants are big enough, take the leaves off from the base of the plant.

Just make sure the plant is big enough to cope and leave some leaves on it so it can continue to grow.

As soon as that flower stalk appears, your coriander plant stops making more

leaves.

• Just remember when coriander plants get stressed, or in hot weather, or once they reach a certain age, they stop making leaves and instead start growing a tall flower stalk.
• Another reason as to why you should let some coriander plants go to flower, is that coriander flowers are an important food source for beneficial insects, especially little parasitic wasps and predatory flies.

TIP:To attract many beneficial insects you want lots and lots of coriander flowers why not sprinkle some coriander and parsley seeds through your other vegetables under your fruit trees and in any other place you can fit them.

Keep watering and feeding your coriander plants well, and wait for the flower to develop and set seeds.

In hot weather this may take as little as 4 - 6 weeks from when you first put the seed in the ground.

Fresh cilantro (coriander) should be stored in the refrigerator in a  a container or wrapped in a slightly damp paper towel.  

Use as early as possible since it loses flavour and nutrients quickly if kept for longer periods.

• Harvesting coriander seed is not too hard. All you need to do is wait till the flower heads are dry. There will be enough seed for the kitchen and enough to plant out more in the garden.

Thai Green Curry Paste

50g coriander seed

25g cumin seed

1 whole blade mace

1 tsp freshly grated nutmeg

9 garlic cloves, chopped

9 shallots, chopped

15 coriander roots, chopped, plus a handful of coriander leaves

19 green chillies, deseeded and chopped

250g galangal, chopped

5 lemongrass stalks, outer leaves removed, inner stalk chopped

5 lime leaves, stalks removed and leaves chopped

100g shrimp paste

handful basil leaves

Method

Heat a dry frying pan and add the coriander and cumin seeds, mace and nutmeg. Roast until they begin to colour and release their aromas. Remove from the heat, then grind to a powder in a spice mill or blender.

 Put the garlic in a blender or pound using a pestle and mortar, then add the shallots, coriander roots, chillies, galangal, lemongrass and 2 tsp salt. Finally, add the lime leaves, shrimp paste, basil and the ground spices, then whizz or pound until you have a smooth paste.

Why Is It Good For You?

Coriander contains no cholesterol; but is rich in anti-oxidants and dietary fibre which help reduce LDL or "bad cholesterol" while increasing HDL or "good cholesterol" levels.

The herb is a good source of minerals like potassium, calcium, manganese, iron, and magnesium.

It’s also rich in many vital vitamins like folic-acid, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin- A, beta carotene, vitamin-C that are essential for optimum health. 

Coriander is one of the richest herbal sources for vitamin K

THAT WAS YOUR VEGETABLE HERO FOR TODAY

PLANT OF THE WEEK

Parachidendron pruinosum: Snow Wood Tree.
There are some plants, be it trees, shrubs, perennials or annuals, which don’t make it into the mainstream of plant shops, not even online.

Snow Wood fruits after opening.

Whether it’s because people aren’t aware of its existence or because it’s hard to propagate in large number, the fact remains, it’s just not out there.
But there are plenty of good reasons why you should grow a Snow Wood.
Let’s find out I'm talking with new contributor, to "plant of the week" segment,  Adrian O’Malley, horticulturist and native plant expert.

The fragrant flowers are pom-pom like heads, greenish-white or golden yellow and darkening with age.

Flowering time is October to January. The fruit pod matures from February to June .
Fruit pods are very attractive, twisting when they split open to reveal black shiny large seeds and look a bit like acacia fruit pods. 

Seeds are black, shiny and mostly flat, oval in shape. 

Germination tip:Scarification of the seeds helps germination, which is slow but fairly reliable.
Seen in Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney near the Moor building.
Pararchidendron pruinosum is an Australian rainforest tree naturally occuring from the Shoalhaven River in New South Wales to Herberton in north Queensland. 

Also found in New Guinea and Indonesia.
If you have any questions for me or for Adrian or would like some seeds of this tree, please write in to realworldgardener@gmail.com

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Quick Meals With Green Beans

Now that school is back in session, busy schedules can make it hard to find time to cook family meals. With a little planning and some simple, go-to dishes, dinner can be made in a flash! Green beans are a rich source of vitamins A, C, and K, and of folic acid and fiber. Try these ideas for quick, healthy meals using green beans:

• First, wash fresh green beans and remove any tough ends. This is a great task to get the kids involved! Frozen and canned green beans work in most recipes as well, but remember to drain and rinse canned ones first.


• You CAN eat green beans without cooking them. Chop them into bite-sized pieces to add to a salad. Bonus tip: Add a variety of veggies to your salad and talk with your kids about which ones grow “up,down, or around”.


• Make a classic 3-Bean Salad and bring it to work for lunch. Mix in some cooked pasta and you’ll have a quick pasta salad!


• Try a Garden Vegetable Soup and use whatever veggies are in season or that you have on hand. Serve with some warm whole-wheat bread for dipping.


• An Asian-style stir-fry couldn’t be any quicker! Use whatever protein you like (chicken, beef, tofu for example) and serve over brown rice.


• If you are in the mood for some Italian flavors, you’ll love the Italian-Style Vegetables recipe. The oregano and tomato taste delicious with the green beans, but test out other herbs you might have on hand like basil or thyme.


• Already cooking something in the oven? Roast your green beans in the oven at the same time! Just toss with a touch of oil, salt, and pepper, then roast until soft and lightly browned.

If you’d like to learn more about how to cook with green beans and even how to grow them, visit this website.

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Mind Your Beeswax, Rhubarb and Wattle

Join host Marianne and guest Margaret Mossakowska to find out about using beeswax in the Good Earth Segment, growing crowns in Vegetable Heroes. Touching base with a local community garden and a national emblem in Talking Flowers.

THE GOOD EARTH

Household Uses of Beeswax
Honey isn’t just the only thing that beekeepers produce.

• Beeswax is a by product of honey making.

Did you know that beeswax is an important ingredient in moustache wax and hair pomades that make hair look sleek and shiny?
Well, we’re not going into that so how else can we use beeswax around the home other than for making beeswax candles?

Beeswax food wrap

I'm talking with Markaret Mossakowska of www.mosshouse.com.au
Let’s find out

Did you know that you can also coat things with beeswax, like hand tools, cast iron pieces and shovels to prevent them from rusting out.
You can even rub beeswax on the wooden handle of your shovel to help protect against wear and tear.
NSW amateur beekeepers associations https://www.beekeepers.asn.au/
The ABA currently has 20 clubs/branches around NSW.
There are also a number of areas where new clubs are being started.
If you need any help finding a club near you, please contact the ABA Secretary.
For listeners outside NSW there’s also a national body, http://www.honeybee.com.au/beeinfo/assn.html
If you have any questions either for me or for Margaret you can email us Realworldgardener@gmail.com or write in to 2rrr, PO Box 644 Gladesville NSW 1675.

VEGETABLE HEROES

Rhubarb  or botanically Rheum x hybridum.

Do you think of Rhubarb as a fruit?

• You wouldn’t be the lone ranger on that one, because we’re used to eating it mainly in deserts, such as Rhubarb and apple crumble, or Rhubarb and Apple pie or strudel. 
• But did you know that rhubarb is actually a close relative of garden sorrel, which means it’s a member of the vegetable family.
• If that’s a bit Confucius, in 1947, in the United States, a New York court decided since it was used as a fruit, it was to be counted as a fruit for the purposes of regulations and duties.
• Of course 5,000 years ago Rhubarb was used for medicinal purposes when Chinese people used the dried roots as a laxative. This is the Chinese variety of Rhubarb.
• Different varieties of Rhubarb have different medicinal uses.

So what is Rhubarb?

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Rhubarb-the vegetable used as a fruits, is an herbaceous perennial.

Herbaceous because it dies down in winter except in warm climates, perennial because it regrows  from year to year.

Rhubarb has short, thick Rhizomes –the underground horizontal stem part of the plant.

The leaves are sort of triangular shaped and crinkly with small greenish flowers.

What we all like to eat is the long, thick (and tasty) petioles or stalks.

How do you prefer to eat your Rhubarb?

In sauces or pies, you can actually eat the stems raw in a salad or stewed.

Perhaps Rhubarb and ginger muffins or for something savory, how about rhubarb with pork or chicken with baked rhubarb?

WHEN’S THE BEST TIME TO PLANT RHUBARB?

Rhubarb crowns can be bought and planted in September if you live in, sub Tropical areas,

Temperate zones; July to September-October .

Cool temperate districts August to November in and for once, arid zones have hit the jackpot and can plant Rhubarb from July right through to February. Can’t get much better than that.

In temperate and cool climates the above ground parts of the plant completely withers away during the colder months, so don’t be alarmed, your plant hasn’t died it’s just dormant.

Unless of course the winter has been warmer than usual and you’re growing it in a pot.

It’s probably still got leaves and is flowering now.

Rhubarb crowns

But apart from that,you can buy the dormant crowns now and plant them right now.

Rhubarb can be grown in pots as long as the pot is large enough, say 30 cm wide.

In fact there’s a variety called Ruby Red Dwarf that’s perfect for potted gardening because it has short thick stems that are bright red.

IMPORTANT TIP: In case you think you can also eat the leaves-DON’T.

The leaves contain oxalic acid and are toxic.

There’s no safe method of using them in cooking at all.

A few vegetables have oxalic acid but in this case the concentrations of oxalic acid is way too high and it’s an organic poison and corrosive.

Other toxins may also exist.

Rhubarb is usually propagated by planting pieces or divisions of 'crowns' formed from the previous season.

Dividing Rhubarb for re-Planting

If you have a friend that grows rhubarb, ask them to make divisions by cutting down through the crown between the buds or 'eyes' leaving a piece of storage root material with each separate bud. 

This is a good way to share your plant with friends.

• Divide your Rhubarb in Autumn or winter when it’s dormant but here’s another tip- not before it’s at least five years old.
• Rhubarb is a heavy feeder, that means needs lots of fertiliser during the growing season.
• Use large amounts of organic matter like cow manure mulches applied in late autumn and work that mulch carefully into the soil around the crowns.

Tip:Use only aged manures, not something fresh from the paddock, or you will get fertiliser toxicity which will stop the plant from thriving and you might even risk losing your rhubarb plant.

• During the active growing season you will also need a side-dress of fertiliser using some sort of complete fertiliser at three-monthly intervals do this also after you picked off some Rhubarb stalks for dinner as well. 

You don’t have to dig up your rhubarb plant, as it’ll last for 10-15 years. So plant it in a place that’s permanent, otherwise choose the pot alternative.

• The biggest question people have about rhubarb is why aren’t the stems red yet?

There’s good news and then there’s bad news.

• The good news, stems stay green for the first few years on some cultivars, but they will eventually turn red.
• If you have bought a crown that claimed it would be red-stemmed and you’rs isn’t, there is a simple answer.
• The soil is too acidic so add lime.
• One of the main reasons for acidic soil around the rhubarb is when the leaves dye down and are left to decompose on the soil, they acidify it.
• On others, especially those grown from seed, they will always be green and this is because seed grown rhubarb isn’t always reliably red, even if the seeds came from a red stemmed parent plant.
• So the bad news for you is that these plants will always be green.

If you really want red stems, and I don’t advocate adding red food colouring to the cooking, either look out for a friend or neighbour with rhubarb that has red stems, and ask for a piece or order some red ones now.

You don’t have to be online, there’s nothing wrong with the post and all companies will be happy to post a catalogue to you free of charge.

There isn’t much that goes wrong with Rhubarb …although some districts may get mites in the leaves or borers in the stem.

Unless you are growing plants in really heavy clay, you won’t get crown rot either.

Some varieties for you to try-and I’ll bet you can’t decide which one-I’m still thinking.

Rhubarb-Big Boy and Mount Tamborine-originally from Queensland and almost never seen in the supermarket-they reckon that the large stems are too big for the shelves.

Rhubarb Cherry Red and Winter Wonder-grown by market gardeners in the Mornington Peninsula hinterland. Sometimes seen at farmers markets.

Why is Rhubarb a vegetable Hero?

The good news is that rhubarb is low in Saturated Fat and Sodium, and very low in Cholesterol.

It’s also a good source of Magnesium, and a very good source of Dietary Fibre, Vitamin C, Vitamin K, Calcium, Potassium and Manganese.

So Apple and Rhubarb Crumble for you then?

THAT WAS OUR VEGETABLE HERO SEGMENT FOR TODAY!

COMMUNITY GARDEN IN HENLEY

When a community garden sets up in your district are you excited or non-plussed?
What things do they get up to anyway?

Let’s find out. I'm talking with Nicole Miranda from the Happy Hens Community garden in Henley.
If you are interested in joining the community garden at Henley you need to first register your interest by filling in a form from their website www.happyhens.org.au

 Feel free to tend to the Henley Green Community Garden at any time.

We meet every Friday from 10am - 12 noon Monday from 9 - 11am and Sunday 3 to 5pm

at Henley Green Community Garden

If you have any questions for me or for Nicole, please write in to realworldgardener@gmail.com

TALKING FLOWERS

Wattles:Acacia species.

Family: Mimosaceae, 1, 000 species out of 1350 worldwide originate originate in Australia.

Australia's Acacias have a huge range of flower and leaf shape. Some have fern like foliage, others have leaves like they should belong on a gum tree. 

Flower colour is mainly yellow, followed by cream, but one outstanding cultivar has red flowers.

Acacia leprosa "Scarlet Blaze."

Most of the species flower during the end of winter or the beginning of spring. The most common Acacia, the Golden Wattle (Arcacias pycnantha) is found in the South Eastern parts of Australia, and the hotter and drier climates.

Acacia pycnantha or Golden Wattle tree, is a shrub of about 4-8 metres. 

Vase life:4-6 days.

I'm talking with Floral therapist Mercedes Sarmini of www.floralgossip.com.au

Video was recorded live during broadcast of Real World Gardener radio show on 2RRR, 88.5fm Sydney.

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